Body Systems Grid Hcs 245 Wk.1 Essay example - 723 Words

University of Phoenix Material Body Systems and Diseases Complete the table below for the required systems listed. You are required to list four to six of the main organs of each body system, one or two sentences explaining the function of the system itself in your own words, and a short list of five to six major diseases that afflict each system. This assignment is due in Week One. |System |Organs in the System |Function of the System |Major Diseases Afflicting the System | |Example: |Thymus |Protects the body from disease and|Hay Fever | |Immune System |Lymph Nodes†¦show more content†¦|body’s essential functions, such |Epilepsy | | | |as breathing and digestion. |Stroke, | |Required: |Heart |The heart and circulatory system | Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the | |Cardiovascular System |Arteries |make up your cardiovascular |arteries) | | |Veins |system. Your heart works as a pump|Heart attack | | |Coronary circulation |that pushes blood to the organs, |Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias | | |Pulmonary circulation |tissues, and cells of your body. |Heart failure | | |(I included the last two | |Heart valve disease | | |because I think they play an | |Congenital heart disease | | |important role and are at | |Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) | | |least worth an honorable

Design Elements in Fashion Free Essays

Club’s new album Champ is pretty damn adorable. I put it on in the car during a rare burst of winter sunlight a few weeks ago and for a few seconds I actually believed it was summer. This is the Ontario band’s second full length album, following Elephant Shell in 2008. We will write a custom essay sample on Design Elements in Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lead singer David Monks is only 23 but has produced an incredibly nostalgic album where he describes moments as if they were a lifetime ago, not a few years. For anyone who hasn’t heard much of this four-piece Canadian band I would highly recommend them. The song ‘Tessellate’ from their first album is one of the loveliest songs I have ever heard, with a youthful outlook on the world and lyrics far beyond their age. David Monks’ voice never fails to make me a bit weak at the knees. As well as this they are highly capable of producing catchy, dance around like a frenzied monkey, tracks. The new album is about secrets, growing up, growing apart, double knots, Christmas Cards, favorite foods, favorite colors and ending your way. The only criticism I can give is that sometimes the lyrics seem too â€Å"teenager†, especially for your Monish educated ears. However sometimes it’s nice to reminisce on those moments before everyone cut loose on Schooling. I think Champ will cement their place as one of the most interesting bands to watch at the moment. The album is out September for Australia, and in the words of one highly astute Youth user, â€Å"the man has a voice tuned for a women’s vagina†. Amen. How to cite Design Elements in Fashion, Essays

Issues in HR Management

Question: Describe the issues in HR management. Answer: Acts One can say many things about Jesus Christ, out of many good qualities that he possessed he had remarkable leadership qualities. Jesus worked with a fixed set of principles or truths rather than just making up regulations as he went along preaching. His method of administration was constant and correct. Jesus was an enduring, pleading and dear leader. Jesus loved his followers and accepted them the way they were. Jesus was one of the best leaders, to match up to the standard he set; one should possess the qualities he had. If one possesses similar qualities, then he can also become a leader like Jesus Christ. This is difficult but not impossible (Hughes, 2015). Yes, regular people can become servant leaders as well. To be a successful servant leader one should not be selfish. To be a servant leader one should think only for the benefit of the people and his only aim should be to serve God and his servants. That is the kind of life Barnabas led. To be a great leader or servant leader one should be patient, pleading, loving and kind. Like how Jesus kept, he was virtuous and thus this closeness allowed them to touch the edge of the garment. Jesus criticized Peter because he loved him and that is how he was able to grow as a human being. Jesus's leadership was selfless. He was not self-centered and did not use the authority given to him for his interests. As a leader, Jesus was not manipulative, and he did not show his love to his disciples because he wanted to use them (Schwadel, 2013). Mark A servant manager focuses mainly on the growth and happiness of the people they serve. The traditional ways of leadership involves the accretion and exercise of power as the most important method of leading. Greenleaf has expressed his views on servant leaders. An excellent service leader is the one that is capable of providing emotional healing, creating value in the society, creative skills and helping the secondary to grow and succeed. A good servant leader puts the subordinates first behaving ethically. A good servant leader will allow upholding the integrity and morality of the people. A servant leader will encourage the moral reasoning of the followers we can test the ethical basis of the servant leader's vision and organizational goals. A good servant leader focuses more on serving the members for their individual good and not just for the benefit of the association, and forming long-term relationships with followers encouraging their enlargement and development in such a way that they reach to their fullest potential (Gifford, 2013). A capable servant leader will have mutual acceptance, humility, providing direction and stewardship. Luke Vying with each other for power is the truth of nature. One cannot exist in this society without competing. In real life, one may come across some situations where we may find ourselves competing with one another for power. In my life, a similar situation had taken place where I was competing with my colleagues for power and promotion. At that time, I put all my efforts to impress the Director of the Company. However, I failed miserably (Fernandez, 2012). If I had known, who held the power then I would have never competed against my fellow colleagues. One as a good servant leader should work for the growth of the disciples and not for his personal interests. One should show his or her skills not to show off or not to please anyone but to God. God ordains and confers leadership. God decides the team led for real life, and the most successful leaders are those people who are willing to share in God's values and act as servants to those who follow. As Jesus clearly identified that, the greatest amongst those are the ones who rules like the one who serves. He is greatest amongst all who either serving or doing something to please God. In addition, Jesus was amongst the one who serves. Jesus appraised his disciples by telling him that they stood by them at the time when they needed them the most. As a good leader, Jesus conferred on them the kingdom that was conferred on Him. Jesus never differentiated between himself and his disciples. He ate, drank and slept with them and even allowed them to sit on his throne (Tomlinson, 2012). Reference List: Fernandez, M. (2012). Cheerleaders with bible verses set off a debate.New York Times. Gifford, P. (2013). Laying down the Sword: Why We Cant Ignore the Bible's Violent Verses.Journal of Contemporary Religion,28(1), 167-169. Hu, W. (2014). A Computational Bible Study of What to Love and What to Hate.Advances in Literary Study,2(04), 116. Hughes, G. (2015).40 of the Most Popular Bible Verses and What They Really Mean. Lulu Press, Inc. Levinson, S. (2014). (Possible) Impact of Judaism and Israel on One Particular Career as a Legal Academic, The.Rutgers JL Religion,16, 321. Qualey, M. (2014).Revolutions of the Heart. Untreed Reads. Schwadel, P. (2013, June). Changes in Americans Views of Prayer and Reading the Bible in Public Schools: Time Periods, Birth Cohorts, and Religious Traditions. InSociological Forum(Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 261-282). Tomlinson, C. (2012). Judge rules for cheerleaders in Bible banner suit.Retrieved March,29, 2013.

Telemedicine and Its Classification

Telemedicine has indeed transformed the manner in which healthcare services are delivered to patients who may be located in remote locations. It deploys the knowledge obtained from information and telecommunication. It has assisted in eradicating the barrier created by distance in the delivery of healthcare services (Kontaxakis et al 1096).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Telemedicine and Its Classification specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, emergency situations and critical care cases have significantly benefited in the technology derived from telemedicine. Oratier Technologies in Pakistan is one of the global companies that spearheaded the development of telemedicine in the Middle East. The latest advances that have been made in the fields of information and communication technologies are instrumental in necessitating the application of telemedicine (Hoffman 1). As such, medical staff and pa tients can now communicate quite easily and confidentially due to limited hindrance. In addition, telemedicine has made it possible for healthcare professionals to transmit health informatics, imaging and general medical information to various locations. The contemporary telemedicine has been integrated with modern diagnostic methods and advanced video-telephones. Moreover, home care in remote or distant locations has been facilitated using server applications mounted on the modern Information Technology (IT) infrastructures (Kontaxakis et al 1094). Telemedicine is a broad application in the field of medicine. This explains why it has been subdivided into three key areas. To begin with, telemedicine offers real time interactive healthcare services to patients. Under this category, patients may be visited in their homes by healthcare staff. They may also be engaged in fruitful conversations through online portals or phone calls. There are myriads of activities that may be carried out during such interactive sessions. These include ophthalmology assessments, physical examination and reviewing past medical records of patients (Hoffman 1). It is prudent to note that such interactive clinical services are relatively cheaper than physical visits to a healthcare establishment. MedPhone Corporation was the first American company to design a system that could use interactive telemedicine. This machine was specifically meant to resuscitate patients suffering from cardiac arrests. A cellular version in form of a mobile telephone was introduced one year later by the same company.Advertising Looking for research paper on alternative medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second classification of telemedicine deals with the storage and subsequent transmission of medical data to the respective medical experts. Some of the information that can be handled using this method includes bio-signals and medical images ( Kontaxakis et al 1097). Therefore, the concerned medical experts are supposed to work on such data while they are offline. This implies that the simultaneous presence of both the patient and medical expert is not required when this method is used. Asynchronous medical attention can therefore make use of specialties such as pathology and dermatology when this method is applied. The third category of telemedicine is remote monitoring. Quite a number of medical devices can be used by medical professionals to assess patients who are located in remote locations (Kontaxakis et al 1093). This method is also referred to as self-testing. Although it is a common form of telemedicine, it is most appropriate when there is need to assess and control chronic infections such as asthma and cardiovascular diseases. Remote monitoring may offer the required satisfaction to healthcare recipients compared to traditional clinical visits. Improved outcomes have also been reported when this method is used to monitor long term infections even in locations that cannot be easily accessed by medical experts. Works Cited Hoffman, Jan. When Your Therapist Is Only a Click Away. 25 Sept. 2011. Web. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/fashion/therapists-are-seeing-patients-online.html?_r=1 Kontaxakis, George et al. Integrated Telemedicine Applications and Services for Oncological Positron Emission Tomography. Oncology Reports 15 (2006): 1091– 1100. Print. This research paper on Telemedicine and Its Classification was written and submitted by user Moderate Lion to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Organization of the Federal Government of Canada

Organization of the Federal Government of Canada Canadian Federal Government Organization Chart A simple way to understand how the Canadian parliamentary system of government is organized is to take a look at its Organization Chart. Canadian Federal Government Institutions For more in-depth information, the Federal Government Organization category covers the major Canadian government institutions - the monarchy, governor general, federal courts, the prime minister, parliament, government departments and agencies. A quick way to find your way around the thousands of pages of information put out by the Canadian government is to use the Canada Online Subject Index to federal government departments and agencies. Once you find the relevant department, most government sites have a search function that will guide you from there. Canadian Federal Government Employees Another valuable piece of information on the Web is the Canadian federal government telephone directory. You can search for individual federal government employees, by department if you like, and it also provides useful inquiry numbers, as well as organization information. Continue: How the Federal Government Works Canadian Federal Government Operations Eugene Forseys How Canadians Govern Themselves is an important introduction to how government works in Canada. It covers the origins of the Canadian parliamentary system and its day-to-day operations, and explains the major differences between the federal and provincial governments in Canada. It also highlights some of the differences between the Canadian and American systems of government. Canadian Federal Government Public Policy For information on public policy and how it is made, try the Policy Research Initiative (PRI). The PRI was started by the Clerk of the Privy Council to strengthen public policy development and information sharing. The Privy Council Office, the public service organization that provides support to the Prime Minister and Cabinet, is a useful source of online publications and information resources on a wide range of current Canadian public policy. The Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat is another good resource for information on the inside operations of the Canadian federal government. Its Web site posts many of the policies and regulations covering human resources, financial management and information technology of the federal government. As an example, this is where youll find information on the Government On-Line Project, the federal governments effort to put its most frequently used services on the Internet. The Speech From the Throne opening each session of Parliament outlines the legislative and policy priorities for the government for the coming session of Parliament. The Prime Ministers Office announces major public policy initiatives introduced by the federal government. Canadian Federal Government Elections To get an overview of Canadian elections, start with Elections in Canada. Youll find additional reference information in Federal Elections, including the results of the last federal election, information on who can vote, the National Register of Electors, federal ridings and Members of Parliament. Continue: Federal Government Services The Canadian federal government provides many different services to individuals and to business, both inside and outside Canada. Here is just a small sample. For more information, check the Government Services category. Citizenship and Immigration Canadian CitizenshipInformation on becoming a Canadian citizen, including applications, test and fees.Immigration to CanadaInformation for those planning to come to Canada, including requirements, how to apply and visas. Contracts and Purchasing Selling to the Canadian Federal GovernmentThe information you need to get the federal government as a client.Government PurchasingAdditional information on both federal and provincial government purchasing policies. Employment and Unemployment Federal Government Employment ServicesGovernment services to help you find work, from job banks to labour market information.Canadian Employment InsuranceIf you lose your job in Canada, youre probably eligible for Canadian Employment Insurance. Heres how to apply and how it works. Retirement Canadian Government PensionsThe Canada Pension Plan (CPP), Old Age Security (OAS) and other Canadian government retirement, survivor and disability pensions.RRSPsOne of the biggest breaks youll get from the Canadian federal government. Taxes Personal Income TaxesInformation to help you complete your Canadian personal income tax return.Business TaxesCanada Revenue Agency information for business. Corporate income tax, Business Number, payroll deductions, importing, and exporting. Travel and Tourism Canadian Travel and TourismFederal government services including border protection, travel safety regulations, tourism offices, management of national parks and government funded museums.Canadian PassportsInstructions on how to apply for a Canadian passport.Canada Customs at the BorderCanadian government customs regulations and services when you or your goods cross the Canadian border. Weather Weather in CanadaEnvironment Canada provides weather forecasts across Canada, as well as safety information on extreme weather conditions and research on climate change.

Healthy Snacks Lesson Plan

Healthy Snacks Lesson Plan Title: Investigating Healthy Snacks Goal/Key Idea: The overall goal of this lesson is for students to understand that eating foods that are low in fat is important for their overall good health. Objective: The learner will analyze snack foods to determine if they are high in fat as well as identify snack foods that are low in fat. Materials: Brown PaperPencilsOilGrocery ads Science Words: fatsOilsSnacksLow-fatHigh-fat Anticipatory Set: Access Prior Knowledge by asking students to respond to the question, Why do you think people need to eat healthy snacks? Then record their answers on chart paper. Refer back to their answers at the end of the lesson. Activity One Read the story What Happens to a Hamburger? by Paul Showers. After the story ask students the following two questions: What healthy snacks did you see in the story? (Students may answer, pears, apples, grapes)Why do you need to eat healthy food? (Students may respond, because it helps you grow) Discuss how foods that are low in fat help you develop properly, give you more energy and contribute to your overall good health. Activity Two/ A Real World Connection To help students understand that oil contains fat, and that it is found in many of the snacks that they eat, have them try the following activity: First discuss what foods are high in fat and have a lot of oil.Then have students write the word oil on a brown paper square (cut out several squares from a brown paper bag).Then have students place one drop of oil on the paper.Next, have them think of three snack foods that they like to eat and have them write these foods on three separate pieces of brown paper.Then direct students to rub each paper with the snack name on it and wait a few minutes and observe the paper.Tell students to hold their paper up to the light to see if the oil shined through the paper.Have students compare each paper with the square with the oil, then record their data.Have students answer the questions: How did the oil change the paper, and which snack foods contained oil?   Activity Three For this activity have students search through grocery ads to identify healthy snack foods. Remind children that foods that are low in fat are healthy, and foods that have a lot of fat and oil are unhealthy. Then have students write down five snack foods that are healthy and tell why they chose them. Closure Refer back to your chart on why do you think people need to eat healthy snacks, and go over their answers. Ask again, Why do we need to eat healthy? and see how their answers have changed. Assessment Use an assessment rubric to determine the students understanding of the concept. For example: Did the student conclude what snack foods are low in fat and healthy?Was the student able to distinguish different foods that were low in fat and high and in fat?Did the student choose healthy snack foods? Childrens Books to Further Explore Eating Healthy Snacks Nutrition written by Leslie Jean LeMaster - This book is discusses our bodies nutritional needs. Nutrition: Whats in the Food We Eat written by Dorothy Hinshaw Patent - This book discusses fats and talks about the food groups. Healthy Snacks (Healthy Eating My Pyramid) written by Mari C. Schuh - This book discusses healthy snacks and how to eat healthy using the food plate guide. Looking for more lesson on healthy eating? Try this lesson on healthy vs unhealthy foods.

U.S. Foreign Policy and Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Foreign Policy and Trade - Essay Example Overview A country’s trade policy unavoidably implements a country’s foreign policy. This is because, at minimum, international trade reflects state recognition. This fact alone circumscribes foreign trade policy under a country’s overall foreign policy. In international trade, goods and services are exchanged. Conventional economic theories on international trade say that international trade promotes development and development in turn promotes equity consistent with Kuznets’s inverted U hypothesis (Todaro and Smith, 212). The choice of trade partners always implies a choice what countries the U.S. wants to have accelerated development. At the same time, trade has its own dynamics. The World Trade Organization, for example, was established precisely to depoliticize trade and make trade subject to multilateral rules rather than beholden to the unilateral rules of powerful nations. Although U.S. foreign trade policy will always be an extension of her overal l foreign policy, international trade has its own dynamics and can influence or even subvert U.S. foreign policy. This means, for example that US influence can decrease as multilateral trade organizations assert their collective decisions even if the original intent of U.S. foreign policy is for the U.S. to increase its influence through the promotion of the policy. U.S. Foreign Policy and Trade with Latin America Latin America is the â€Å"largest supplier of foreign oil to the United States and a strong partner in the development of alternative fuels† (Barshefsky et al., xi). The country is also â€Å"the biggest supplier of illegal drugs† into the United States (Barshefsky et al., xi). Moreover, â€Å"Latin America is also the largest source of U.S. immigrants, both documented and not† (Barshefsky et al., xi). Thirty percent of U.S. oil imports come from Latin America compared to only 20 percent from the Middle East (Barshefsky et al., 6). Latinos constitute about 15% of the U.S. population (Barshefsky et al. 6). For the said reasons, Latin America is extremely important for the U.S. as well as a significant source of problems. It is important for America to influence Latin America but Barshefsky and colleagues emphasized that â€Å"the era of the United States as the dominant influence in Latin America is over† (xi). Latin American regard for U.S. â€Å"global and hemispheric leadership is at its lowest level† (Barshefsky et al., 7). This is shown by data: Latin Americans who favor U.S. political ideas were only 29 percent in 2007 compared to a high 45 percent several years ago in 2002 (Barshefsky et al., 7). The Monroe Doctrine provided the guiding principle for U.S. policy on Latin America for more than 150 years (Barshefsky et al., 5). The Monroe Doctrine asserts U.S. power in Latin America but U.S. policy for Latin America can no longer work under that assumption in view of changes in the political situation, particul arly with regard to U.S. dominance over the region (Barshefsky et al., 5). Barshefsky and colleagues pointed out that â€Å"if there was an era of U.S. hegemony in Latin America, it is over† (5). During the years in which the U.S. enjoyed hegemony in Latin America, particularly from 1996 to 2006, â€Å"total merchandise trade in Latin America grew by 139 percent, compared to 96 percent for Asia and 95 percent for the European Union (EU)† (Barshefsky et al., 6). During the 1980s, as the Cold War started to subside, U.S. policy in Latin America moved from â€Å"

Peyton Budget and Analyzing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peyton Budget and Analyzing - Assignment Example The sales budget for Peyton Approved shows that the company forecasts sales to be $1,080,000 for the quarter ending September 2015. To cover the sales and the required ending inventory, the company needs to produce 60,000 units. That would require 27,380 units of raw material at a cost of $212,195. The total labor requirement is 30,000 hours at a cost of $480,000. While the budget estimate for direct material for the period is 36,320 units, the actual amount of direct labor is 31,000 units. The budgeted price per unit of direct material is $7.75. It is also the actual price. Given the difference is only on the number of units of direct material, the direct material price variance is zero. As for the direct material efficiency variance, the company records a favorable efficiency variance of $41,230. That gives a favorable total material variance of $41,230. There was no material price variance as the budget price and the actual price were the same. As for the favorable efficiency variance, there may have been several causes. As the actual production shows, there was less direct material usage than the budget estimates. That may have been a result of efficiency in utilizing material in the production process. The procurement process may also have contributed to the favorable efficiency variance. Where there is purchase of high quality material, there would probably be no wastage and the production may use up less material than the estimates (Nobles, Mattison and Matsumura, 2014).

Explore Shakespeares Essay Example for Free

Explore Shakespeares Essay Richard II is a play that centres on Kingship; Shakespeare presents vanity and flattery using rich language throughout the play to articulate the hazards a King must avoid to ensure their position as King is maintained. During the play we see the character of Richard presented as vain and tyrannical; as a man who is attempting to escape the responsibilities that Kingship brings such as succession and leadership. Written almost wholly in verse, Shakespeare contrasts Richard with his successor Bolingbroke to emphasize how care of the kingdom of England and good judgement is inextricably linked with being a successful King. From the onset, Shakespeare presents Richard as vain. In Act I of the first scene Richards interruption of the duel suggests his egotism. The duel gives Richard the opportunity to make a dramatic and grand public gesture, asserting himself as King. As the brawl develops Richard calls Mowbray and Bolingbroke to forgive, forget, conclude and be agreed. Shakespeares use of verbs in the imperative makes this statement a command. It implies Richard has paid little attention to the reason behind the quarrel, and is instead more interested in people concentrating on his lavish words and public display. The repetition of the o sounds and alliteration of the fs also brings a certain finality to the speech, perhaps hinting at Richards self-important and haughty nature which we see resulting in his demise as King. This narcissistic portrayal of Richard is continued as the duel unfolds. Shakespeare then further emphasizes Richards enjoyment of power and pleasure in set piece displays of authority with his statement Lions make leopards tame. Richard is referring to himself as the lion and again, Shakespeare uses language to reflect Richards flattery-driven personality whilst perhaps indicating that without firm governing, leopards such as Mowbray and Bolingbroke will be able to attack Richards position of King. Shakespeare emphasises how ineffective kingship is dominated by flattery and vanity by surrounding the doomed Richard with sycophants who ultimately result in his downfall. Men such as Bushy, Bagot and Greene are all characters that give the king bad advice leading him to lose the crown. Indeed, it is the inadequate guidance that Richards flatterers give such as to leave England, which enables Bolingbroke to return and subsequently force Richard to abdicate. Shakespeare conveys Richards foolishness in listening to these men through the comments from the other characters he creates. Bolingbroke, Gaunt and York all refer throughout the play to Richards self-deception and craving for flattery. In Act II for example, York remarks that flattery sounds, / As praises emphasising that although Richard considers the flattery he receives to be accurate in terms of truth, it is not; and that he is so blinded by sycophancy and self adulation that he cannot realise his weaknesses and inadequacy as King. Bolingbroke also makes the audience aware of Richards reliance on obsequiousness with his references to the caterpillars of the Commonwealth. We interpret the caterpillars to be men such as Bushey and Greene and the term caterpillar conjures up imagery of greedy, lazy almost parasitic vermin who are both a detriment to Richard and the rest of England. Bolingbroke then swears he shall weed and pluck away these men. This continues the portrayal of Bolingbroke as a hero and develops England as an organic entity, which is a recurrent theme throughout. Finally, when Gaunt states the King is basely led by flatterers he indicates his antipathy of Richards reliance upon flattery. This speech can be seen to be an implied condemnation of Richards kingship and is arguably a climax in the tensions between Richard and Gaunt. Undeniably Gaunt expresses his despair at Richards predisposition to flattery at other points in the play too. A thousand flatterers sit within thy crown, conveys the extent to which the King surrounds himself with sycophants. The number thousand can be seen to imply a powerful, almost army-like force which, as well as hating, Gaunt also fears. To say that they sit within thy crown also reflects their proximity to the King as one associates the word sit with a sense of comfortableness and security. With this line Shakespeare suggests the flatterers feel no threat from others surrounding the King such as Gaunt. A certain hopelessness is inherent in Gaunts situation, as he will never be able to make Richard understand the cost of being surrounded by flatterers before its too late and they lead to his failure. Indeed, it is through characters such as Gaunt that Shakespeare is able to encapsulate the weak character of the King as he shows Richard as being governed by his flatterers as opposed to governing them, which is presented as the true role of a King. Richards choice to distance himself from his family and make an enemy of his cousin Bolingbroke is a critical error. His aloofness and hostility towards other members of his family jeopardizes the succession. The succession is presented as an essential element of Kingship as without an heir, Richard could plunge the country into bloody Civil War after his death if those around him disagreed about his successor. This, in conjunction with the divine right of kings is presented as a key element to kingship. According to Richard himself Not all the rough rude sea/ can wash the balm off from an anointed King. Whilst this sums up Richards self-image of being invincible due to his position of King, it also emphasizes the contemporary view of Shakespeares time that a King is appointed by God and for this reason Kingship is sacred. The term anointed also reflects the sanctity of the Divine Right Of Kings and the word balm conjures up imagery of a King being coated in a shield created by divinity, thus emphasizing Richards prestigious role. According to Gaunt, a King is Gods substitute, his deputy anointed in his sight. As before, Shakespeare chooses the term anointed perhaps to symbolise how sacrosanct the role of King is. The length of sentence combined with the rich words such as Gods substitute sums up the attitude of Shakespeares time about the tasks of a king and emphasizes the contemporary belief of providence, which dominates the play. Indeed, Shakespeare illuminates the importance of maintaining the succession using many themes and motifs in the play as well as in the storyline. Ideas about blood and Englands condition at the time of Richards rule dominate the story. In Act II for example, Northumberland refers to the dead Gaunt as a royal prince of noble blood. As before in Richards speech at the beginning of the play, Shakespeare controls the assonant o sounds to draw the audiences attention to the relationship between being royal and having noble blood. Richards comment lets purge without blood also suggests his keenness to prevent some sort of conflict between him and Bolingbroke. This could be interpreted as showing his pacifistic side as demonstrated in the scene of the duel or that he is worried about his own blood, as his death will endanger the succession. It is through this type of language that Shakespeare emphasises the responsibility of a King to ensure the succession and the countrys well being. In addition to succession, Richard II reflects the importance of looking after your realm whilst King. Shakespeare presents England as being in a poor state whilst Richard reigns, with the Bishop of Carlisle foreseeing disorder, horror, fear and mutiny- all words which describe disaster. However it seems due to Richards preoccupation with vanity, he has ignored the importance of good and effective governance. Richard himself realises this towards the end of the play and water is another pattern of language Shakespeare draws on to illustrate this. In Act III scene 3 we see Richard consciously relinquish the crown. The flamboyancy of his language continues as before in the play as he abdicates, Mine eyes are full of tears, but his comment that the salt water blinds them not so much/But they can see a sort of traitors here suggests a realisation that his downfall can be attributed to those around him as much as himself and can be interpreted as showing a change in Richards character as he is faced with a kingdom in turmoil. By describing his tears as containing salt, Shakespeare leaves the actual interpretation of the word ambivalent. One might associate the salt with bitterness either reflecting his enemies resentment towards him, which led to his downfall with men such as Bolingbroke or his own bitterness. Yet the salt also can be seen to suggest corrosion and the deterioration Richards incompetence caused to England, something he has just begun to realise. Shakespeare then develops the water motif into what can be seen as, a metaphor of Richard. He talks of being a mockery king of snow who has before the sun of Bolingbroke melted away in water-drops. This self-description as a King of Snow perhaps hints at Richards previous self-alienation from family and friends whilst evoking images of Richard as being a cold, unfeeling character. On the other hand, the fact Richard refers to himself as only a King of Snow possibly can be seen to emphasise, consciously or not, that Richard never had genuine control of England at all and that his power never truly existed in any other form stronger than the fragile substance of snow and this is what made his renunciation inescapable. The subsequent reference to Bolingbroke melting this Snow King into water-drops can then be interpreted as a direct reference to Bolingbrooks seizure of Richards crown which literally, like heat from the sun does to snow, dissolved his power. This self-conscious speech from Richard gives us a sense of his despair at losing the kingship but also his relief. Shakespeares linking of Bolingbroke to the sun can also be seen as Richard considering his cousin to in some ways, be a saviour who has removed him of the responsibility of Kingship, which we have seen him to grapple with unsuccessfully. As we see a change in Richards personality, other motifs in the play also alter. The significance of blood from bloodlines to the spilling of blood and damage done to England changes for example changes; Thy fierce hand hath with the Kings blood stained the Kings own land powerfully relates to us how Richard has exploited his role as King and damaged England rather than nurturing it which is the true task of a King. To describe the hand as staining the land with blood creates a very powerful image of Richard damaging his Kingdom. By referring to his hands as the tools that created such destruction, Shakespeare strengthens the amount of responsibility the audience feels Richard has for the strife the country finds itself in. Also to a modern audience at least, the idiom to have blood on ones hands adds to the impact of Richards words. Bolingbrokes allegory of Richards flatterers as caterpillars is expanded later on in the play as Shakespeare presents the country metaphorically as a garden. The gardeners speak with pitiful regret of the countrys condition and emphasize Richards folly in not looking after his Kingdom. He had not trimmed and dressed his land as we this garden-here the Gardener presents England as out of control and poorly tended to, emphasising how determination and fortitude which are both strengths associated with a gardener are an important layer to Kingship. The gardeners references to noisome weeds also convey the parasitic nature of Richards flatterers and that as Bolingbroke vows to do, they should be plucked and rooted away. The gardener then goes on to describe these weeds as without profit suck/ the soils fertility from wholesome flowers. The imagery of Richards sycophants preventing flowers of England from flourishing has several connotations; firstly that it is Richard who has inhibited Englands emotional well-being. Secondly it can be seen as a symbolic reference to the sparring Houses of Lancaster and York who fought for the Crown after Richards abdication. However, the Garden scene also gives a sense of sympathy for Richard. He states that although he suffered this disordered spring/Hath now himself met with the fall of leaf. This perhaps suggests that as a man Richard does deserve some pity when we consider he had no choice in becoming King and that it is only his role as King that has made him inept and destructive. By the end of Richard II the audience has come to realise the intricacies of Kingship. The tone at the end of the play, when Bolingbrook sentences Richard to death is one of grief. Bolingbroke has assumed the cares of Kingship of which had led to Richards self-destruction. However, during the play we only get a glimpse of Bolingbroke as King and as an audience realise that he has not had time to make mistakes such as those made by Richard. We can instead only see more of Bolingbrokes character in the rest of the series of historical plays, such as Henry IV. It is in Richard II however, that Shakespeares rich language articulates the many different concepts of Kingship and how Richard failed them. We see how the King is divinely appointed to rule, but that his kingship is an obligation to his country, not an opportunity for egotism; and the Crown can be forfeited if the King fails to rule well. On the other hand, Richard was born to be King; it is a role for which in the play we see him to be ill suited, but is something in which he has no choice. Through his character we realise the many restrictions of Kingship, its burdens and possible consequences. Ultimately Richard cannot escape the trappings of Kingship unless he forfeits his own life. We then see that the only way to escape the afflictions of kingship is death and Richard conforms to this completely, giving up his life in order to give up his Kingship.

Essay --

Two years ago, I started getting frequent headaches and dizziness. I was extremely stubborn and did not want to see my primary physician concerning my change in condition. I was checking my blood pressure more frequently and couldn’t help to notice the increase in pressure. I monitored my vitals for about six months. I tried everything I possibly could to change my lifestyle to aid in the relief. I started to run more and make healthier food choices. Nothing worked! My pressures maintained high. I was reluctant to visit the doctor. I personally did not want to be dependent on medications. After a long discussion with my spouse I realized I was being selfish. I scheduled an office visit the following week for a professional opinion. From the time I entered and left the primary care office, I was treated with dignity and respect. I felt extremely comfortable. I was happy I decided to commit myself. It was a big step to admit I wasn’t healthy. The nursing staff was completely empathic and concerned for me and my family. I could see I was the only thing that mattered while they were i... Essay -- Two years ago, I started getting frequent headaches and dizziness. I was extremely stubborn and did not want to see my primary physician concerning my change in condition. I was checking my blood pressure more frequently and couldn’t help to notice the increase in pressure. I monitored my vitals for about six months. I tried everything I possibly could to change my lifestyle to aid in the relief. I started to run more and make healthier food choices. Nothing worked! My pressures maintained high. I was reluctant to visit the doctor. I personally did not want to be dependent on medications. After a long discussion with my spouse I realized I was being selfish. I scheduled an office visit the following week for a professional opinion. From the time I entered and left the primary care office, I was treated with dignity and respect. I felt extremely comfortable. I was happy I decided to commit myself. It was a big step to admit I wasn’t healthy. The nursing staff was completely empathic and concerned for me and my family. I could see I was the only thing that mattered while they were i...

Selection, Hardware and Software Requirements of a PLC

Understand the selection, hardware and software requirements of a PLC There are 3 types of PLC, unitary, modular and rack-mounted. A unitary PLC Is a stand alone unity, it has no room for expansion and works on Its own. They are useful for automating activities such as stress testing. For example the stress testing of a hoist, Instead of paying someone to manually control the hoists up and down movement leaving time In between each motion a PLC could be used Instead. It could be set up to perform a number of cycles of movement of the holst by the use of Ilmlt switches t the top and bottom of Its movement to detect when to change direction.The time to walt between movements can be set so that the motor doesn't get strained. Other safety features could be added, for example, a set of sensors could be installed around the hoist to stop it's movement if some one comes too close to it. It would also be easier to set the parameters of the test and change them easily for testing a different hoist or piece of equipment. It would have to keep its functionality to a small scale as it can't be upgraded at all. A large variety of inputs and outputs could be sed as most PLCs support analogue and digital.This would mean you could have temperature sensors in use on the analogue and through-beam sensors on digital. It is likely that this type of PLC would be mounted somewhere near the object it is controlling, most likely to a nearby wall. A modular PLC allows for other modules to be connected to it increasing its functionality such as position sensing, stepper and servo motion control and packaging and press controls. Where it may have only had the ability to handle a certain amount of functions adding more increases this. The two or more connect ogether and act as if they still Just one.This would be useful for a company that uses a greater amount automation than the above company, perhaps for a conveyor belt system that is wanted to be upgraded in the future and with modula rity more modules could be added to allow for the extension of the conveyor belt and the new Inputs and outputs that are required. For example a bottling company may only just fill bottles but not label them, they could extend the conveyor to allow for them to print and attach labels to the bottles as well which would require a lot more sensors o detect the location of the bottle and outputs for controlling the labelling machine.Individual parts of the PLC can also be swapped out such as the power supplies and CPU, Central Processing unit, handles the programming and Interpreted the Inputs/ outputs. A rack-mounted PLC is very similar to a modular PLC with the ablllty to upgrade and change different parts of it but they are on standard cards that slot into standard more can be fit into a cabinet due to their design to fit closely with similar units. They are most likely to be used on large assembly lines with a wide range of equipment in use simultaneously.They can be upgraded to all ow the line to run better with more memory and faster CPU to better work with the large amount of things happening. The racks with the PLCs in are likely to be kept either in the factory control room or their own individual room specifically for them. Cost is the most important aspect to selecting the right PLC and the lowest cost PLC is the unitary because it is as it is. It can't be modified in anyway they can get expensive though as the specifications increase.Next up is the modular PLC which can be quite large to allow it to be upgraded with more memory, faster CPU and greater power upply. The most expensive are the rack mounted PLCs. They are much smaller than the modular PLCs but still retain the ability to be upgraded allowing you to have more powerful PLCs in smaller space. A robotic arm inside a cell would need to perform the same task continuously and because of this a PLC could be used.Using a series of limit switches to control when the arm moves there wouldn't be a prob lem because it would be able to stop before hitting any obstructions that may be in the way. For example a series of optical sensors would be able to detect when the item to be manufactured as entered the ell and is in the correct position for the arm which would allow the arm to pick it up and perform what it had been programmed to do. Be it to spray paint on it or to add something onto it, because those motions do not need to be dynamic a single program would be enough to manage it.The software requirements could be quite large depending on the complexity of the task and the robotic arm If there are a lot of joints on the arm that are controlled by motors then the program will need to control each one independently and add to the fact the movements required then it is quite complex set of instructions the arm requires because of this it will need a large amount of memory and a fast CPU to execute the commands quickly as it is likely that the manufacturing cell is required to get t hrough a lot of items a day.This would most likely rule out the use of a unitary PLC because the cost would be too great for one with the required specifications. It is also likely that a large amount of robotic arms would be in use so a rack mounted system would be more space efficient, they do cost more than modular PLCs but keeping all the PLCs in cabinets near each other n a neat and organised manner can make it easier for any maintenance required on them. They would need to be near enough to a computer to program them and update software when necessary.The computer could be in a completely different room as a ethernet cable is used to load the new software into them but having one nearby would make it easier for any quick alterations to the software needed in the likely that the operator would use a proprietary piece of software to program the PLC with, if they were from Siemens they would be programmed in Ladder Logic. A PLC would be very useful for this type of activity becau se it is repetitive, the same item would be having the same thing done to it.A PLC controlled arm doesn't need breaks, if set up properly, so it could take the place of a human and thus save money. A problem though is that the item that comes into the cell could have a defect on it that wouldn't be noticed by the sensors in use so whatever the arm does may be done to something that needs to be scrapped. That is something a human worker would have noticed and would have thus saved money by not doing anything to it.The main benefit of having a PLC control it is that the Job is done autonomously and would be more cost effective than employing a human to do it but you lose out on the fact the human can see what they are doing and ensure that the item entering the cell is correct and make sure he does his Job completely before sending it out, if it was spraying they would be able to check the coat is even and well done by eye where you would not get that from a PLC.Stricter control furth er down the line would eliminate this though. Immediate costs would be expensive with a PLC solution, the obotic arms that are going to be controlled need to be bought, the PLCs need to be bought, mounted and wired, someone needs to write the software for them and then maintain their operation. That position would likely be a higher paid position than someone working on the assembly line.Those that do work on the assembly line do not have as high start up costs but the costs are continuous plus allowance for tools and equipment needed such as PPE. Which leads on to the potential cost each has. If a robotic arm breaks it could potentially lead to the whole line being stopped while it s repaired, both of which will cost time and money.If a worker was to not be wearing the required PPE or Just sustain an injury it could mean that the line has to stop although he would be quickly replaced to keep the line running. There is also a possibility that the person that was injured might file c laims against the company that could lead to a large loss of money. The expansion of what the PLC controlled could be very costly as it would require new equipment and wiring which could mean that parts of production need to be shut down for it to be laid.

Electrolux Case

Case Electrolux 1. Geographical (North America and Europe) and Demographical market segmentation: stage of family life cycle, size of household, age, marital status (reaching mums and dads who have children or planning to have in all the world) 2. It was supportive as Electrolux was always known as ‚Thinking of you‘. A company took a new approach (young families with babies) which was not taken by anyone before. It also gives a sense that company cares about their clients. The Electrolux baby brochure project fits to a company‘s overall strategy. . Electrolux chose not to send brochures directly but through different channels. At first, their target audience was intermediares and media. When the intermediares and media were concerned the company started to target: a) Networks which own and distribute new mother info and sample packs in hospital. b) Paediatric offices providing large volumes to paediatric associations, gynaecologists and daycare centres. c) Family or ganisations, planning centres. d) Retail chains for household appliances and chains for baby shops and supermarkets. ) Promo – team events. The target groups are chosen well as through these channels target group can be easily reached. Ideas for other channels: kindergardens, schools (people who are planning to have a second or more babies), public parks, social networks: Facebook, Twitter, Youtube; 4. Instruments by which Electrolux promoted brochures: f) Provide with appliances. g) Ad as a free bonus to magazine. h) Electronic format downloads on baby websites, chat sites, info sites.. ) Internal distribution to staff expecting a new baby. j) CD-Rom for journalists allowing to get all information and picture files. k) Children books. l) Sent directly if costumer order it. m) Worldwide distribution through Electrolux PR global network with an intention to adapt to local needs (translation of language). The instruments are good, that shows a result as well. Also there could o ther instruments such as: getting brochures with different bills, origami from brochures, 2011-10-25

Change Management in Nokia Company

Change Management in Nokia Company Company background Nokia Corporation is an international communication firm whose headquarters are situated in Espoo. The company is popular for manufacturing mobile phones. In addition, the company manufactures other consumer products like mobile networks, set-top boxes, and apparatus for broadband internet.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Change Management in Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, Nokia Corporation supplies the motor industry with car speakers (Kautto 2009). Currently, the company dominates the mobile phone market with a market share of over 38.6 percent. In 2010, Nokia’s financial income was $2.6 billions. Engineer Fredrik Idestam established the company in 1965. During this period, the company dealt with paper products, which it exported to Great Britain and Russia. In early 20th century, the company concentrated on manufacture of wheelchair frames and rubber boots. Even today, some brands of bicycle tires bear the company’s name. The modern Nokia Company was established in 1967. The management brought the former paper mill section and the rubber works together to establish a technological company. In 1981, a mobile network was launched in Scandinavian, prompting Nokia Corporation to manufacture its first car phones. In 1987, the company manufactured its first mobile phone. At the same time, Nokia Corporation helped Finland, Germany, China, Poland, Italy, and Mexico to repair network for their entertainment industries (Ropponen 2008). In 2010, Stephen Elop joined the company’s management team. Nokia Corporation merged with Siemens to form one of the biggest telecommunication networks dubbed Nokia Siemens Networks. Currently, Nokia Corporation is among the companies that manufacture quality smart phones globally. The company continues coming up with novel inventions in line with the emerging technologies.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors influencing organizational change In 2004, Nokia Company started restructuring its operations as a way to satisfy customer aspirations. The company came up with a program dubbed â€Å"the Nokia Booster program†, which aimed at bringing together online customers and the company’s strategic development (Schienstock 2004). A number of factors contributed to the restructuring process. Among them include desire to, attain global coverage, embrace employee empowerment, promote co-creation, and support the community. One of the key factors that prompted Nokia Corporation to come up with the Nokia Booster program was the pressure to exploit the global market. The company was in need for establishing a single access point through which it could communicate with all its target consumers, and employees worldwide. Prior to the program, the comp any relied on a communication structure where information was conveyed from the top management, down to the employees through a number of senior staff (Schienstock 2004). Such a communication structure was slow. Consequently, the company required a communication structure that could keep pace with the contemporary marketplace. To enhance its performance, Nokia Corporation required having a platform through which it could share its agendas with employees. Previously, employees made limited contribution to organizational policies (Krell 2000). To make sure that employees backed the company’s agendas, Nokia Corporation had to come up with mechanisms that would captivate the employees. The company learnt that employees could be active if allowed to manage debates that fascinated them.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Change Management in Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this, the comp any assigned different employees to different agendas and requested them to share the agenda with the public. This helped the company to gather information from the public, therefore, aligning its operations with customer needs. The program helped the company to reach its target customers in remote areas where it was hard for employees to reach (Nonaka Teece 2001). Through the program, customers shared their views about the company and changes they wish the company to make, thus, spurring employee creativity. Indeed, the program led to numerous innovations in the company. Management team in Nokia Corporation maintained that, for the company to perform, it required exploiting the vast experience and knowledge; its employees possessed. Nevertheless, it could hardly achieve this without fostering cooperation between the employees. Senior managers came up with ideas concerning the innovations they would like to introduce into the company (Masalin 2003). The company then disseminated th e ideas to employees and customers through the Nokia Booster program. The program helped the company to establish a platform by which it could get opinions from all the stakeholders, therefore, coming up with products that meet all the desired specifications. Besides, the company needed to be sure that its employees are aware of the value of the projects the company initiates. Nokia Corporation could achieve this by involving the employees in formulation and implementation of the projects (Masalin 2003). The Nokia Booster program acted as an avenue through which the company fostered cooperation between employees in different departments.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a span of six months, the company had started witnessing inventions as employees seek to enhance organizational operations. In addition, employees shared ideas on changes they considered unfeasible, thus, helping the company pursue feasible goals only (Masalin 2003). How organizational change unfolded In 2004, Nokia Corporation made it public that it intended to begin organizational change, which aimed at helping the company meet changing consumer needs. The company reduced the number of its business units to four. It implemented the entire change within one week. To implement the change, the company required a hundred employees taking new jobs. All the other employees retained their original jobs. Nokia Corporation reconstructed its initial modular teams (Ropponen 2008). The company established a common platform through which all employees shared their ideas to help the company to address customer ambitions. Ropponen posits, â€Å"The genesis of the Booster Programme, launched in late 2008, could be traced to the wide involvement of the strategy-planning process and to the flexibility and project orientation of the modular structure† (2008, p. 163). The program started with a design team led by Ian Gee and Maximilian Kammerer. The design team argued that the traditional system of communication made it hard for the company to achieve its goals. Hence, the company required a platform that would help it involve all its stakeholders in pursuing organizational goals. The design team resolved to organize a workshop â€Å"with team leaders followed by the much broader involvement of the whole community through an online social network community† (Masalin 2003, p. 69). The corporation organized for workshops in different cities across the globe. At least a hundred change leaders participated in every workshop. After the workshops, participants went back to their organizations, where they recruited employees into the adopted change processes. Online c ommunity took the centre stage in steering the changes. This mishmash of traditional communication mechanisms and novel forms of relations established an upsurge of fervor (Masalin 2003). The Booster led to open discourse between frontline workers, community members, and managers about challenges affecting the company. The online community furnished employees with information concerning potential changes that could benefit the company, therefore, helping them initiate innovations. Reference List Kautto, P 2009, ‘Nokia as an environmental policy actor: Evolution of collaborative corporate political activity in a multinational company’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 103-125. Krell, T 2000, ‘Organizational longevity and technological change’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 8 – 14. Masalin, L 2003, ‘Nokia leads change through continuous learning’, Academy of Management Learning Educati on, vol. 2 no. 1, pp. 68-72. Nonaka, I Teece, D 2001, Managing Industrial Knowledge: Creation, Transfer and Utilization, SAGE Publications Ltd, London. Ropponen, T 2008, ‘The Nokia story of using action learning’, Action Learning: Research and Practice, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 161-165. Schienstock, G 2004, Embracing the knowledge economy: the dynamic transformation of the Finnish Innovation System, Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton.

Case Study of Low Blood Pressure

Case Study of Low Blood Pressure Mr Jones has a BP of 90/60. Please name the appropriate health terminology in relation to his BP. Normal Range = Hypotension Low blood pressure is referred to as hypotension, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure less than 90 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) or diastolic less than 60 mmHg. A person’s blood pressure reading appears as two numbers. The first and higher of the two numbers is a measure of â€Å"systolic† pressure or the pressure in the person’s arteries when their heart beats and fills them with blood. The second number measures â€Å"diastolic† pressure or the pressure in the person’s arteries when their heart rests between beats. A desired blood pressure is less than 120/80. In people who are considered to be healthy, low blood pressure without experiencing any symptoms is commonly not a concern and does not need to be treated. Low blood pressure may be a sign of an underlying issue, particularly in the elderly, where it might cause inadequate blood flow to their heart, vital organs, and brain. Fortunately, chronic low blood pressure without symptoms is rarely serious. Health issues may happen, however, when a person’s blood pressure suddenly drops and their brain is deprived of an adequate blood and oxygen supply. The condition may lead to light-headedness or dizziness. A sudden drop in blood pressure usually happens in a person who has risen from a prone or sitting position to a standing one. When this occurs it is referred to as, ‘postural hypotension’ or ‘orthostatic hypotension’. Another type of low blood pressure may happen when a person stands for extended periods of time. This is referred to as, ‘neurally-mediated hypotension’. Postural hypotension is considered to be a failure of a person’s cardiovascular system or nervous system to react appropriately to sud den changes. Usually, when a person stands up, some of their blood pools in their lower extremities. If this remains uncorrected, it would cause the person’s blood pressure to fall or decrease. A person’s body usually compensates by sending messages to their heart to beat faster and to their blood vessels to constrict, offsetting the drop in blood pressure. If this does not happen, or does not happen quickly enough, postural hypotension is the result. Blood Pressure and Aging The risk of low and high blood pressure commonly increases as a person ages due in part to changes during the aging process. The flow of blood to a person’s heart muscle and brain declines as a person ages, many times as a result of plaque build-up in their blood vessels. While the causes of low blood pressure may not always be clear, it might be associated with things such as: Heart arrhythmias Heart failure Heat exhaustion or heat stroke Hormonal issues such as an under-acti ve thyroid, diabetes, or low blood sugar Liver disease Pregnancy Some over-the-counter drugs Some prescription medications Widening of the blood vessels Causes of Sudden Drops in Blood Pressure Sudden drops in a person’s blood pressure may be life-threatening. A number of different things may cause this type of hypotension. The causes of sudden drops in blood pressure may include: A reaction to alcohol or medication Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction Heart muscle disease High body temperature Loss of blood Low body temperature Sepsis Severe dehydration from diarrhoea, vomiting, or fever People at Risk of Postural Hypotension Postural hypotension, or low blood pressure when a person stands up quickly, may happen to anyone for a number of reasons such as lack of food, dehydration, or simply being overly fatigued. It might also be influenced by a person’s genetic make-up, medication, aging, psychological factors, dietary ones, or acute triggers such as allergy or infection. Postural hypotension happens most often in people who are taking medications to control high blood pressure or, ‘hypertension’. It may also be related to strong emotions, pregnancy, diabetes, or hardening of a person’s arteries. Seniors are affected by postural hypotension in particular, especially seniors who experience high blood pressure or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hypotension after eating is a common cause of dizziness or even falls. It is most common after large meals containing a lot of carbohydrates. Medical science believes it is caused by blood pooling into a person’s vessels in their stomach and intestines. A number of medications are associated with postural hypotension as well. The medications may be divided into two major categories: Medications used to treat high blood pressure such as beta-blockers, diuretics, calcium-channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Medications that have hypotension as a side effect such as anti-psychotics, neuroleptics, nitrates, anti-anxiety agents, tricyclic antidepressants, sedative-hypnotics, and medications for Parkinson’s disease Some causes of naturally occurring postural hypotension exist. For example, dehydration and electrolyte loss might result from vomiting, diarrhoea, excessive blood loss during menstruation, or other conditions. A person’s age associated decline in blood pressure regulation is another example and is something that might worsen due to certain health conditions or medications. Some diseases may cause postural hypotension as well. Diseases such as Shy-Drager syndrome or, ‘multiple system atrophy,’ nerve issues such as peripheral neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular disorders, nutritional diseases, or alcoholism may cause postural hypotension. Blood Pressure Ranges Listed below are the ranges for Low ( Table 1 ) Normal ( T able 2 ) and High ( Table 3 ) blood pressure respectively. Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Pressure Range 90 60 Borderline Low blood Pressure 60 40 Too Low Blood Pressure 50 33 Dangerously Low Blood Pressure Table 1 Low Blood Pressure Range Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Pressure Range 130 85 High Normal Blood Pressure 120 80 Normal Blood Pressure 110 75 Low Normal Blood Pressure Table 2 Normal Blood Pressure Range If one or both numbers are usually high, you have high blood pressure (Hypertension). Systolic pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) Stages of High Blood Pressure 210 120 Stage 4 180 110 Stage 3 160 100 Stage 2 140 90 Sta ge 1 Table 3 High Blood Pressure Range Figure 1Visual representation of Systolic and Diastolic Ranges       Age Systolic BP Diastolic BP 3-6 116 76 7-10 122 78 11-13 126 82 14-16 136 86 17-19 120 85 20-24 120 79 25-29 121 80 30-34 122 81 35-39 123 82 40-44 125 83 45-49 127 84 50-54 129 85 55-59 131 86 60+ 134 87 The average Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure is affected by age, as shown in Age Males (mmHg) Females (mmHg) 1 – 3 80/34 – 120/75 83/38 – 117/76 4 to 6 88/47 – 128/84 88/50 – 122/83 7 – 10 92/53 à ¢â‚¬â€œ 130/90 93/55 – 129/88 Table 4 Average Systolic and Diastolic Ranges of Neonates and Infants Table 5 Average Systolic and Diastolic Ranges of Children and Adults

Preparation for counselling and psychotherapy practice Essay - 1

Preparation for counselling and psychotherapy practice - Essay Example EFT gives individuals an opportunity to learn how to tolerate and regulate, reflect on emotions in order to make sense of them and mostly transform them. It systematically meant to help clients be aware and make their emotions be of a productive use. Emotion-focused therapy has its principal of change that it mainly works on Clients have to change after going through EFT. It makes people who attend the session to discover their past experiences and takes through a process of change. Some clients who go for EFT have had past painful experiences that arouse emotions. The therapists use experimental methods to teach clients to make health contacts with physical sensations, memories, feeling and thoughts that have been ignored in the past. EFT provides resources to that can transform maladaptive emotions developed from traumatic experiences (Greenberg, Carlson, American Psychological Association, & Governors State University 2007). EFT has been noticed to work for different individuals and populations. Initially, it was meant to advise couples. EFT primary goal over time has been to reorganize and expand emotional responses. EFT outlines emotional responses that are classified into four types: primary adaptive responses that are initial emotions to a given stimulus. They include sadness, anger, and fear. Primary adaptive emotions are expressed to help solving problems. Primary maladaptive is an emotional response to a stimulus that is from an experience that was traumatic in the past. Treatment, in this case, will aim to transform the individual’s emotions through taking them through new experiences (Power, Philippot, Hess, & Wiley InterScience (Online service) 2010). The third response is secondary reactive emotion response that responds to past emotional responses and replaces it. It is associated with a feeling of hopelessness, desperation, and even helplessness. The therapy will help increase awareness and address primary